---
title: That is the tree that extends its Maori _mana tapu_ and its twisting… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: That is the tree that extends its Maori _mana tapu_ and its twisting flowery branches over the village church, with a little spire like an old-time candle extinguisher, and it was under its shade that Tikao told something of the past of these parts. Who acts: That, tree, twisting, Tikao. A sentence 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 72

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That is the tree that extends its Maori \_mana tapu\_ and its twisting flowery branches over the village church, with a little spire like an old-time candle extinguisher, and it was under its shade that Tikao told something of the past of these parts.

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**Who acts:** That, tree, twisting, Tikao, tapu · **What happens:** be, extend, branch, tell, twist · **To what, where:** tree, Maori, village church, shade · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, tree, twisting, Tikao), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:12:72
# text = That is the tree that extends its Maori _mana tapu_ and its twisting flowery branches over the village church, with a little spire like an old-time candle extinguisher, and it was under its shade that Tikao told something of the past of these parts.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	extends	extend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	Maori	Maori	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	mana	mana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	tapu	tapu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	6	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	twisting	twisting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	flowery	flowery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
18	over	over	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	spire	spire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
27	like	like	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
28	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
29	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
32	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	extinguisher	extinguisher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
36	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
37	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
38	under	under	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
41	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	43	obj	_	_
42	Tikao	Tikao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
43	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	acl:relcl	_	_
44	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	43	obj	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	50	det	_	_
50	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | That | the tree and twisting's shade |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **extend** | present | the tree and twisting's shade | tree's Maori |  | the village church |  | a little spire like a time candle extinguisher *conj* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent maori=Theme |
| 3 | **branch** |  | tapu's twisting |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | twisting |  |  | twisting's shade |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Tikao | twisting's shade |  |  |  | something of the past of this parts *obj* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent that=Recipient something=Topic |
| 6 | **twist** |  | tapu |  |  |  |  |  | nom twisting «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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