---
title: The _Kaumatua_, describing the old industrious age of his people, to… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The _Kaumatua_, describing the old industrious age of his people, told by way of example of the tribal communistic energies how great flax nets fully a quarter of a mile long used to be made for the catching of the shark in this sea arm. Who acts: Kaumatua. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Por
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 92

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The \_Kaumatua\_, describing the old industrious age of his people, told by way of example of the tribal communistic energies how great flax nets fully a quarter of a mile long used to be made for the catching of the shark in this sea arm.

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**Who acts:** Kaumatua · **What happens:** describe, tell, use, make, exemplify · **To what, where:** old industrious age, people, mile, Kaumatua, tribal communistic energies · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaumatua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:12:92
# text = The _Kaumatua_, describing the old industrious age of his people, told by way of example of the tribal communistic energies how great flax nets fully a quarter of a mile long used to be made for the catching of the shark in this sea arm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Kaumatua	Kaumatua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	describing	describe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	industrious	industrious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	tribal	tribal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	communistic	communistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	energies	energy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
25	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	26	advmod	_	_
26	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
27	flax	flax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	nets	net	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	appos	_	_
29	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	mile	mile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	36	advmod	_	_
36	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	acl	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
38	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	aux:pass	_	_
39	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	xcomp	_	_
40	for	for	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	catching	catching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	49	det	_	_
48	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	_
49	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | gerund | the Kaumatua *not said here* | the old industrious age of kaumatua's people |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent age=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle |  | kaumatua's people *not said here* |  |  |  | by way of example of the tribal communistic energies | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a mile *not said here* |  |  |  | long *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | for the catching of the shark in this sea arm | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: for catching=Asset |
| 6 | **exemplify** |  |  | the tribal communistic energies |  |  |  |  | nom example «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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