---
title: The Takitimu, being a _tapu_ canoe, carried no cooked food, and the… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Takitimu, being a _tapu_ canoe, carried no cooked food, and the only plants the people brought in her were ornamental ones, for scent and beauty and sweet flowers. Who acts: Takitimu, only plants. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 24

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The Takitimu, being a \_tapu\_ canoe, carried no cooked food, and the only plants the people brought in her were ornamental ones, for scent and beauty and sweet flowers.

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**Who acts:** Takitimu, only plants · **What happens:** be, carry, not cook, bring · **To what, where:** \_ tapu, cooked food

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Takitimu, only plants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:13:24
# text = The Takitimu, being a _tapu_ canoe, carried no cooked food, and the only plants the people brought in her were ornamental ones, for scent and beauty and sweet flowers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Takitimu	Takitimu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	_	_	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	tapu	tapu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	9	punct	_	_
9	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	no	no	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	ornamental	ornamental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	scent	scent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | gerund |  | a \_ tapu and canoe |  |  |  | canoe *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | past | the Takitimu | cooked food |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **cook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **bring** | past | the only plants |  |  |  |  | the people *nsubj* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | in Takitimu's ornamental ones and scent and beauty and sweet flowers; Takitimu *nmod:poss*; scent and beauty and sweet flowers *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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