---
title: It was freezing cold, and Tamatea was without fire or the means of m… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: It was freezing cold, and Tamatea was without fire or the means of making one, for no fire-making timbers grew in that spot. Who acts: storm, Tamatea, the, making timbers. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hi
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 32

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It was freezing cold, and Tamatea was without fire or the means of making one, for no fire-making timbers grew in that spot.

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**Who acts:** storm, Tamatea, the, making timbers · **What happens:** freeze, be, mean, make, grow · **To what, where:** one, spot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (storm, Tamatea, the, making timbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:13:32
# text = It was freezing cold, and Tamatea was without fire or the means of making one, for no fire-making timbers grew in that spot.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	freezing	freeze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	Tamatea	Tamatea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	nsubj	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	ccomp	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
19	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	23	det	_	_
20	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	amod	_	_
23	timbers	timber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | past · progressive | storm |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | Tamatea |  |  |  |  | without fire | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **make** | gerund |  | one |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset one=Product |
| 5 | **make** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | fire *compound* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 6 | **grow** | past | no making timbers |  |  | that spot |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in spot=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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