---
title: In his extremity he stood upon the tall crag-top yonder--the one tha… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: In his extremity he stood upon the tall crag-top yonder--the one that now is called “The Breast of Tamatea”--and called aloud and _karakia’d_ and made incantations for sacred fire to be sent from the North Island, the land of active volcanoes, to save the lives of himself and his companions. Who act
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 33

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In his extremity he stood upon the tall crag-top yonder--the one that now is called “The Breast of Tamatea”--and called aloud and \_karakia’d\_ and made incantations for sacred fire to be sent from the North Island, the land of active volcanoes, to save the lives of himself and his companions.

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**Who acts:** Maoris, karakia · **What happens:** stand, call, have, make, send, save · **To what, where:** one, extremity, incantations, North Island, lives · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maoris, karakia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:13:33
# text = In his extremity he stood upon the tall crag-top yonder--the one that now is called “The Breast of Tamatea”--and called aloud and _karakia’d_ and made incantations for sacred fire to be sent from the North Island, the land of active volcanoes, to save the lives of himself and his companions.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	extremity	extremity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	crag	crag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	yonder	yonder	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Breast	Breast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	xcomp	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Tamatea	Tamatea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
29	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
31	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	karakia	karakia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	’d	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	56	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	33	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	conj	_	_
37	incantations	incantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	_
38	for	for	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	43	mark	_	_
42	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	aux:pass	_	_
43	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	advcl	_	_
44	from	from	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	appos	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
55	to	to	PART	TO	_	56	mark	_	_
56	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	56	obj	_	_
59	of	of	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
60	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	58	nmod	_	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	63	cc	_	_
62	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	63	nmod:poss	_	_
63	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	60	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | Maoris | the one |  | Maoris's extremity |  | upon the tall crag top; yonder *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in extremity=Location |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | the one |  |  | now | the Breast of Tamatea *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **have** | past | karakia |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **make** | past | karakia *not said here* | incantations |  |  |  | for sacred fire | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent incantation=Product for fire=Asset |
| 6 | **send** | to-infinitive · passive | karakia *not said here* |  |  | the North Island |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: from island=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **save** | to-infinitive |  | the lives of Maoris |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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