---
title: The _Kaumatua_ truly says that the magical walls of Tamatea’s Fire A… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The _Kaumatua_ truly says that the magical walls of Tamatea’s Fire Ashes are of later origin than the volcanic crags and hills which lie about them, and across which they cut. Who acts: Kaumatua, magical walls, volcanic crags, crags. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 42

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The \_Kaumatua\_ truly says that the magical walls of Tamatea’s Fire Ashes are of later origin than the volcanic crags and hills which lie about them, and across which they cut.

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**Who acts:** Kaumatua, magical walls, volcanic crags, crags · **What happens:** say, be, lie, cut · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaumatua, magical walls, volcanic crags, crags), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:13:42
# text = The _Kaumatua_ truly says that the magical walls of Tamatea’s Fire Ashes are of later origin than the volcanic crags and hills which lie about them, and across which they cut.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Kaumatua	Kaumatua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	_
5	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	magical	magical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	Tamatea	Tamatea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’s	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	Fire	Fire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Ashes	Ash	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	_
20	than	than	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	crags	crag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
26	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
28	about	about	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	across	across	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	obl	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	cut	cut	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Kaumatua |  |  |  |  | truly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the magical walls of Tamatea's Fire Ashes |  |  |  |  | of later origin; than the volcanic crags and hills | tree rules |
| 3 | **lie** | present | the volcanic crags and hills |  |  |  |  | about crags *= crag* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent about they=Location |
| 4 | **cut** | present | crags *= crag* |  |  |  |  | which *obl* | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across which=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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