---
title: Tikao speaks of a time when the lower part of Lyttelton Harbour was… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Tikao speaks of a time when the lower part of Lyttelton Harbour was not in eruption, but when the upper part was; from the southern side of Quail Island to the head of the bay was a furnace; there was no water in it at that immeasurably distant day. Who acts: Tikao, lower part, upper part, southern 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 44

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Tikao speaks of a time when the lower part of Lyttelton Harbour was not in eruption, but when the upper part was; from the southern side of Quail Island to the head of the bay was a furnace; there was no water in it at that immeasurably distant day.

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**Who acts:** Tikao, lower part, upper part, southern side, water · **What happens:** speak, not be, be · **To what, where:** eruption, southern side, furnace, side · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tikao, lower part, upper part, southern side), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:13:44
# text = Tikao speaks of a time when the lower part of Lyttelton Harbour was not in eruption, but when the upper part was; from the southern side of Quail Island to the head of the bay was a furnace; there was no water in it at that immeasurably distant day.
1	Tikao	Tikao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Lyttelton	Lyttelton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Harbour	Harbour	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	eruption	eruption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
19	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	28	mark	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	Quail	Quail	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	bay	bay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	43	expl	_	_
43	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
44	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	45	det	_	_
45	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obl	_	_
48	at	at	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
49	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	52	det	_	_
50	immeasurably	immeasurably	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	_
51	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Tikao |  |  |  | time |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | the lower part of Lyttelton Harbour |  |  | eruption |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | the upper part |  |  | the southern side |  | of Quail Island; to the head of the bay | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | past | the southern side | a furnace |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** | past | no water |  |  | side; there | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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