---
title: He canoed up the Wanganui River--there is a curious rock, the end of… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: He canoed up the Wanganui River--there is a curious rock, the end of which the natives used to paint red with _kokowai_ ochre, projecting from the eastern bank many miles above Pipi-riki, still known as Tamatea’s Rock--and crossed the central plateau to Lake Taupo, and thence went on to the East Coa
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 54

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He canoed up the Wanganui River--there is a curious rock, the end of which the natives used to paint red with \_kokowai\_ ochre, projecting from the eastern bank many miles above Pipi-riki, still known as Tamatea’s Rock--and crossed the central plateau to Lake Taupo, and thence went on to the East Coast.

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**Who acts:** Tamatea, curious rock, natives · **What happens:** canoe up, be, use, paint, project, know · **To what, where:** Wanganui River, many miles, eastern bank, Pipi riki, central plateau, Lake

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tamatea, curious rock, natives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:13:54
# text = He canoed up the Wanganui River--there is a curious rock, the end of which the natives used to paint red with _kokowai_ ochre, projecting from the eastern bank many miles above Pipi-riki, still known as Tamatea’s Rock--and crossed the central plateau to Lake Taupo, and thence went on to the East Coast.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	canoed	canoe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Wanganui	Wanganui	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	curious	curious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	natives	native	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	paint	paint	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	kokowai	kokowai	X	FW	_	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	28	punct	_	_
28	ochre	ochre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	projecting	project	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
35	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
37	above	above	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	Pipi	Pipi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	riki	riki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	still	still	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	40	acl	_	_
44	as	as	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	Tamatea	Tamatea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	’s	's	PART	POS	_	45	case	_	_
47	Rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	plateau	plateau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obj	_	_
54	to	to	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	_
56	Taupo	Taupo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	55	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
58	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
59	thence	thence	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
60	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
61	on	on	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
62	to	to	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
64	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	65	compound	_	_
65	Coast	Coast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **canoe up** | past | Tamatea | the Wanganui River |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | present | a curious rock | the Wanganui River *not said here* |  | there |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot river=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | past | the natives |  |  |  | of the end |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **paint** | to-infinitive | the natives *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with kokowai ochre; red *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with ochre=Theme |
| 5 | **project** | gerund | the natives *not said here* | many miles |  | the eastern bank |  | above Pipi riki | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent mile=Theme above riki=Destination |
| 6 | **know** | participle |  | Pipi riki *not said here* |  |  | still | as Tamatea's Rock | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as rock=Attribute |
| 7 | **cross** | past | Tamatea *not said here* | the central plateau | Lake |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent plateau=Patient to lake=Recipient |
| 8 | **go on** | past | Tamatea *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the East Coast; thence *property* | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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