---
title: “We are half _pakeha_ ourselves now, we Ngai-Tahu,” he said, “and ou… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: “We are half _pakeha_ ourselves now, we Ngai-Tahu,” he said, “and our young people deride these notions about the _Patu-paiarehe_. Who acts: We, Kaumatua, young people. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist., with it
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 10

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“We are half \_pakeha\_ ourselves now, we Ngai-Tahu,” he said, “and our young people deride these notions about the \_Patu-paiarehe\_.

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**Who acts:** We, Kaumatua, young people · **What happens:** be, say, deride · **To what, where:** \_ pakeha, notions · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, Kaumatua, young people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:14:10
# text = “We are half _pakeha_ ourselves now, we Ngai-Tahu,” he said, “and our young people deride these notions about the _Patu-paiarehe_.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	advmod	_	_
5	_	_	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	pakeha	pakeha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	_
8	ourselves	ourselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	conj	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	Ngai	Ngai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Tahu	Tahu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	deride	deride	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	parataxis	_	_
26	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	notions	notion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	about	about	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
30	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Patu	Patu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	paiarehe	paiarehe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | We | \_ pakeha |  |  | now | ourselves *conj*; Ngai  we and Tahu *parataxis* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Kaumatua |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **deride** *in a quote* | present | our young people | this notions |  |  |  | about the Patu paiarehe | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent notion=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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