---
title: Yet--these hills were different in my young days, when the mists cam… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Yet--these hills were different in my young days, when the mists came down and the fog enveloped the little streams tumbling down all the valleys from the gloomy places. Who acts: hills, mists, fog, little streams. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 11

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Yet--these hills were different in my young days, when the mists came down and the fog enveloped the little streams tumbling down all the valleys from the gloomy places.

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**Who acts:** hills, mists, fog, little streams · **What happens:** be, come down, envelop, tumble down · **To what, where:** little streams, valleys, gloomy places

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hills, mists, fog, little streams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:14:11
# text = Yet--these hills were different in my young days, when the mists came down and the fog enveloped the little streams tumbling down all the valleys from the gloomy places.
1	Yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	mists	mist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
16	down	down	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	enveloped	envelop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
24	tumbling	tumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	acl	_	_
25	down	down	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	28	det:predet	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
29	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | this hills |  |  |  | day | different *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come down** | past | the mists |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **envelop** | past | the fog | the little streams |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stream=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **tumble down** | gerund | the little streams *not said here* | all valleys |  | the gloomy places |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient valley=Extent from place=Initial\_State |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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