---
title: “Over yonder,” he said, “are the chief _pas_ of the _Patu-paiarehe_,… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: “Over yonder,” he said, “are the chief _pas_ of the _Patu-paiarehe_, which I shall list for you: There is the rock of Te Pohue, which _pakehas_ call the Monument between Purau and Port Levy; there is Hukuika Peak, on the hill road between Pigeon Bay and Little River; there is the mountain-top of Te 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/20/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Ca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/) / [The Little People of the Mist.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/) / 20

# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 20

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Over yonder,” he said, “are the chief \_pas\_ of the \_Patu-paiarehe\_, which I shall list for you: There is the rock of Te Pohue, which \_pakehas\_ call the Monument between Purau and Port Levy; there is Hukuika Peak, on the hill road between Pigeon Bay and Little River; there is the mountain-top of Te U-Kura, which commands all the hill-country of the Peninsula--it is just at the back of the stopping-place called Hilltop on the road from Little River to Akaroa town.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** \_, Patu paiarehe, rock, pakehas, Hukuika, mountain top · **What happens:** say, be, list, pakeha, call, command · **To what, where:** chief pas, Monument, hill country, back, stopping place, Akaroa town · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (\_, Patu paiarehe, rock, pakehas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:14:20
# text = “Over yonder,” he said, “are the chief _pas_ of the _Patu-paiarehe_, which I shall list for you: There is the rock of Te Pohue, which _pakehas_ call the Monument between Purau and Port Levy; there is Hukuika Peak, on the hill road between Pigeon Bay and Little River; there is the mountain-top of Te U-Kura, which commands all the hill-country of the Peninsula--it is just at the back of the stopping-place called Hilltop on the road from Little River to Akaroa town.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Over	over	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	yonder	yonder	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	pas	pa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	21	punct	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Patu	Patu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	paiarehe	paiarehe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	list	list	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	parataxis	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
31	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	32	expl	_	_
32	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Te	Te	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	Pohue	Pohue	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj	_	_
40	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	pakehas	pakeha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	43	punct	_	_
43	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	acl	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	Monument	monument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	_
46	between	between	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	Purau	Purau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	Port	Port	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	conj	_	_
50	Levy	Levy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
52	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	53	expl	_	_
53	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	advcl	_	_
54	Hukuika	Hukuika	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	53	nsubj	_	_
55	Peak	Peak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
57	on	on	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
59	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	compound	_	_
60	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	appos	_	_
61	between	between	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	Pigeon	Pigeon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	compound	_	_
63	Bay	Bay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	60	nmod	_	_
64	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
65	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	66	amod	_	_
66	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	69	punct	_	_
68	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	69	expl	_	_
69	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	advcl	_	_
70	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	73	det	_	_
71	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	71	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	69	nsubj	_	_
74	of	of	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
75	Te	Te	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	73	nmod	_	_
76	U	U	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	75	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
77	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	78	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
78	Kura	Kura	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	75	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
79	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	81	punct	_	_
80	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	81	nsubj	_	_
81	commands	command	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	73	acl:relcl	_	_
82	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	86	det:predet	_	_
83	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	86	det	_	_
84	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	86	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
85	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	84	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
86	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	obj	_	_
87	of	of	ADP	IN	_	89	case	_	_
88	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	89	det	_	_
89	Peninsula	Peninsula	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	86	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
90	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	96	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
91	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	96	nsubj	_	_
92	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	96	cop	_	_
93	just	just	ADV	RB	_	96	advmod	_	_
94	at	at	ADP	IN	_	96	case	_	_
95	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	96	det	_	_
96	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	obl	_	_
97	of	of	ADP	IN	_	101	case	_	_
98	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	101	det	_	_
99	stopping	stopping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	101	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
100	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	99	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
101	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	96	nmod	_	_
102	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	101	acl	_	_
103	Hilltop	Hilltop	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	102	xcomp	_	_
104	on	on	ADP	IN	_	106	case	_	_
105	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	106	det	_	_
106	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	102	obl	_	_
107	from	from	ADP	IN	_	109	case	_	_
108	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	109	amod	_	_
109	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	106	nmod	_	_
110	to	to	ADP	IN	_	112	case	_	_
111	Akaroa	Akaroa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	112	compound	_	_
112	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	102	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
113	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | \_ |  |  |  |  | yonder *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | the chief pas |  |  |  | the Patu paiarehe *parataxis* | tree rules |
| 3 | **list** *in a quote* | shall | the Patu paiarehe |  |  |  |  | for you; I *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **does** *in a quote* | present | the rock of Te and pakehas |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **pakeha** *in a quote* |  | the rock of Te and pakehas |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **call** *in a quote* | infinitive | pakehas *not said here* | the Monument |  |  |  | between Purau and Port | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent monument=Recipient |
| 7 | **be** *in a quote* | present | Hukuika |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **be** *in a quote* | present | the mountain top of Te and Kura |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **command** *in a quote* | present | the mountain top of Te and Kura | all hill country of the Peninsula |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent country=Eventuality |
| 10 | **is** *in a quote* | present | rock |  |  | the back |  | of the stopping place | tree rules |
| 11 | **call** *in a quote* | participle |  | the stopping place *not said here* | Akaroa town | the road from Little River |  | Hilltop *xcomp* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to town=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/19/)
- next →: [sentence 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/21/)
- ↑ back to [The Little People of the Mist.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/)