---
title: On the small piece of level ground on that Otehore which stands abov… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: On the small piece of level ground on that Otehore which stands above French Farm the fairy _hapu_ of those parts had their _pa_, and there they would gather at night for their fairy meetings, and gather by day also in the foggy weather when no Maori eye could see them; and then would be heard their
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 27

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the small piece of level ground on that Otehore which stands above French Farm the fairy \_hapu\_ of those parts had their \_pa\_, and there they would gather at night for their fairy meetings, and gather by day also in the foggy weather when no Maori eye could see them; and then would be heard their sweet fairy songs, their \_waiatas\_, and the tunes they played upon their flutes, sounding faintly from the cloudy mountain.”

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**Who acts:** Otehore, pas, Maori eye, tunes · **What happens:** stand, have, gather, see, hear, play · **To what, where:** French Farm, \_ pa, small piece, foggy weather, pas, sweet fairy songs

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Otehore, pas, Maori eye, tunes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:14:27
# text = On the small piece of level ground on that Otehore which stands above French Farm the fairy _hapu_ of those parts had their _pa_, and there they would gather at night for their fairy meetings, and gather by day also in the foggy weather when no Maori eye could see them; and then would be heard their sweet fairy songs, their _waiatas_, and the tunes they played upon their flutes, sounding faintly from the cloudy mountain.”
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
10	Otehore	Otehore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	above	above	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Farm	Farm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
18	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	hapu	hapu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	24	punct	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
24	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	_	_	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	pa	pa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	34	expl	_	_
32	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
33	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	gather	gather	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
35	at	at	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	for	for	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
39	fairy	fairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	meetings	meeting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	gather	gather	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
44	by	by	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
46	also	also	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
49	foggy	foggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
51	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	56	advmod	_	_
52	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	54	det	_	_
53	Maori	Maori	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	compound	_	_
54	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nsubj	_	_
55	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	56	aux	_	_
56	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	advcl	_	_
57	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
59	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	63	cc	_	_
60	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	63	advmod	_	_
61	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	63	aux	_	_
62	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	63	aux:pass	_	_
63	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	conj	_	_
64	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	67	nmod:poss	_	_
65	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	67	amod	_	_
66	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	67	compound	_	_
67	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
69	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	71	nmod:poss	_	_
70	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	71	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
71	waiatas	waiata	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	67	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	71	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	78	punct	_	_
74	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	78	cc	_	_
75	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	76	det	_	_
76	tunes	tune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	78	nsubj	_	_
77	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	78	nsubj	_	_
78	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	67	conj	_	_
79	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	81	case	_	_
80	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	81	nmod:poss	_	_
81	flutes	flute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	78	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
82	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	83	punct	_	_
83	sounding	sound	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	63	advcl	_	_
84	faintly	faintly	ADV	RB	_	83	advmod	_	_
85	from	from	ADP	IN	_	88	case	_	_
86	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	88	det	_	_
87	cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	88	amod	_	_
88	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
89	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
90	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | Otehore |  |  | French Farm |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above farm=Location |
| 2 | **have** | past |  | fairies's \_ pa |  | the small piece of level ground on Otehore hapu |  | of that parts | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pa=Patient |
| 3 | **gather** | would | pas *= pa* |  |  | there | night | for pas's fairy meetings | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for meeting=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **gather** | present |  |  |  | the foggy weather | day |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **see** | could | no Maori eye | pas *= pa* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 6 | **hear** | would · passive |  | pas's sweet fairy songs |  |  | then |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: song=Stimulus |
| 7 | **play** | past | the tunes |  |  |  |  | upon pas's flutes | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **sound** | gerund |  |  |  | the cloudy mountain |  | faintly *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 9 | **sing** |  | pas *= pa* |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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