---
title: There is another rugged, dark volcanic crag, wooded about its base,… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: There is another rugged, dark volcanic crag, wooded about its base, crowning one of these Peninsula ridges, of which the Old Man of Rapaki has a poetic story. Who acts: rugged dark volcanic crag, Old Man. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 33

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There is another rugged, dark volcanic crag, wooded about its base, crowning one of these Peninsula ridges, of which the Old Man of Rapaki has a poetic story.

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**Who acts:** rugged dark volcanic crag, Old Man · **What happens:** be, wood, crown, have · **To what, where:** one, poetic story

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rugged dark volcanic crag, Old Man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:14:33
# text = There is another rugged, dark volcanic crag, wooded about its base, crowning one of these Peninsula ridges, of which the Old Man of Rapaki has a poetic story.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
4	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	crag	crag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	wooded	wood	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	crowning	crown	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
19	Peninsula	Peninsula	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	ridges	ridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	obl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	Man	Man	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Rapaki	Rapaki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
29	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	poetic	poetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | another rugged dark volcanic crag |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **wood** | past | another rugged dark volcanic crag *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about Bulben's base | tree rules |
| 3 | **crown** | gerund | another rugged dark volcanic crag *not said here* | one of this Peninsula ridges |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | present | the Old Man of Rapaki | a poetic story |  |  |  | which *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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