---
title: The Maori tribes who lived on the beaches and on the trenched and pa… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Maori tribes who lived on the beaches and on the trenched and parapeted promontories made expeditions to the hilltop in the season when the young birds were fat, and caught, cooked and preserved them in kelp baskets and pottles, just as the Foveaux Strait and Stewart Island Maoris do at the pres
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 54

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Maori tribes who lived on the beaches and on the trenched and parapeted promontories made expeditions to the hilltop in the season when the young birds were fat, and caught, cooked and preserved them in kelp baskets and pottles, just as the Foveaux Strait and Stewart Island Maoris do at the present time.

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**Who acts:** Maori tribes, young birds, Foveaux Strait · **What happens:** live, trench, parapet, make, be, catch · **To what, where:** beaches, expeditions, trenched promontories, birds, kelp baskets

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maori tribes, young birds, Foveaux Strait), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:14:54
# text = The Maori tribes who lived on the beaches and on the trenched and parapeted promontories made expeditions to the hilltop in the season when the young birds were fat, and caught, cooked and preserved them in kelp baskets and pottles, just as the Foveaux Strait and Stewart Island Maoris do at the present time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Maori	maori	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beaches	beach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	trenched	trench	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	parapeted	parapet	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
15	promontories	promontory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
16	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	expeditions	expedition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	29	advmod	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	fat	fat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	cooked	cook	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	conj	_	_
37	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	kelp	kelp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	baskets	basket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	pottles	pottle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
44	just	just	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
45	as	as	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
47	Foveaux	Foveaux	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	compound	_	_
48	Strait	Strait	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
50	Stewart	Stewart	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	compound	_	_
51	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	conj	_	_
52	Maoris	Maoris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	flat	_	_
53	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	48	acl:relcl	_	_
54	at	at	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
56	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	compound	_	_
57	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the Maori tribes |  |  | the beaches |  | who *nsubj* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on beach=Location |
| 2 | **trench** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **parapet** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** | past | the Maori tribes *not said here* | expeditions |  | the trenched promontories |  | to the hilltop in the season | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset expedition=Product |
| 5 | **is** | past | the young birds |  |  |  |  | fat *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **catch** | past | the Maori tribes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as the Foveaux Strait and Stewart Island | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **cook** | past | the Maori tribes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 8 | **preserve** | past | the Maori tribes *not said here* | birds *= bird* |  | kelp baskets and pottles |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |
| 9 | **do** | present | the Foveaux Strait and Stewart Island *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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