---
title: Just where the land went steeply up from the head of the bay to the… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Just where the land went steeply up from the head of the bay to the shoulders of Te Ahu-Patiki, otherwise Mount Herbert, we could see the curious light grey rock wall of the Tarahaka, above the Pari-mataa, “Obsidian Cliff,” like a great chute down the mountain side, gleaming in the sun, the _tipua_ 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 6

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Just where the land went steeply up from the head of the bay to the shoulders of Te Ahu-Patiki, otherwise Mount Herbert, we could see the curious light grey rock wall of the Tarahaka, above the Pari-mataa, “Obsidian Cliff,” like a great chute down the mountain side, gleaming in the sun, the \_tipua\_ rock of the fire gods.

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**Who acts:** land, we, light · **What happens:** go, see, wall, gleam · **To what, where:** head, Pari mataa, tipua, sun

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, we, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:14:6
# text = Just where the land went steeply up from the head of the bay to the shoulders of Te Ahu-Patiki, otherwise Mount Herbert, we could see the curious light grey rock wall of the Tarahaka, above the Pari-mataa, “Obsidian Cliff,” like a great chute down the mountain side, gleaming in the sun, the _tipua_ rock of the fire gods.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
6	steeply	steeply	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	up	up	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bay	bay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Te	Te	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	Ahu	Ahu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Patiki	Patiki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	Mount	Mount	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
25	Herbert	Herbert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
27	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
31	curious	curious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
32	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
33	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
34	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	Tarahaka	Tarahaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
40	above	above	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
42	Pari	Pari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	mataa	mataa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
46	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	48	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	Obsidian	obsidian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	Cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	48	punct	_	_
51	like	like	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
52	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
53	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	chute	chute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
55	down	down	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
57	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	compound	_	_
58	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
60	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
61	in	in	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	_
65	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	67	det	_	_
66	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	67	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	tipua	tipua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	69	punct	_	_
69	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	_
70	of	of	ADP	IN	_	73	case	_	_
71	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	73	det	_	_
72	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	compound	_	_
73	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	69	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the land |  |  | the head of the bay |  | to the shoulders of Te and Patiki and Mount | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from head=Initial\_Location to shoulder=Destination |
| 2 | **see** | could | we |  |  | the Pari mataa like a great chute down the mountain side |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **wall** |  | light |  |  |  |  | of the Tarahaka | tree rules |
| 4 | **gleam** | gerund | we *not said here* | the tipua |  | the sun |  | rock of the fire gods *obl* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sun=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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