---
title: The _Patu-paiarehe_ and the _Maero_ were simply the remnants of abor… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The _Patu-paiarehe_ and the _Maero_ were simply the remnants of aboriginal tribes, such as the Ngati-Mamoe or the Waitaha or their predecessors, driven away into the heart of the mountains and the forests, where they lived a wild, secluded life, existing on the foods of the wilderness. Who acts: pre
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 71

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The \_Patu-paiarehe\_ and the \_Maero\_ were simply the remnants of aboriginal tribes, such as the Ngati-Mamoe or the Waitaha or their predecessors, driven away into the heart of the mountains and the forests, where they lived a wild, secluded life, existing on the foods of the wilderness.

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**Who acts:** predecessors · **What happens:** be, drive away, live, exist · **To what, where:** remnants, Ngati Mamoe, heart, wild secluded life, foods, Patu paiarehe

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (predecessors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:14:71
# text = The _Patu-paiarehe_ and the _Maero_ were simply the remnants of aboriginal tribes, such as the Ngati-Mamoe or the Waitaha or their predecessors, driven away into the heart of the mountains and the forests, where they lived a wild, secluded life, existing on the foods of the wilderness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Patu	Patu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	paiarehe	paiarehe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Maero	Maero	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	remnants	remnant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	aboriginal	aboriginal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	25	case	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	Ngati	Ngati	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Mamoe	Mamoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Waitaha	Waitaha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	predecessors	predecessor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
34	away	away	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
35	into	into	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nmod	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
45	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	47	advmod	_	_
46	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
47	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	acl:relcl	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
49	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
51	secluded	secluded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
54	existing	exist	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	47	advcl	_	_
55	on	on	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	foods	food	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	obl	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the remnants |  |  |  | of aboriginal tribes; such the Ngati Mamoe or the Waitaha or Mamoe's predecessors; simply *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **drive away** | participle |  | the Ngati Mamoe or the Waitaha or Mamoe's predecessors *not said here* |  | the heart of the mountains and the forests |  | away *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into heart=Trajectory |
| 3 | **live** | past | predecessors *= predecessor* | a wild secluded life |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |
| 4 | **exist** | gerund | predecessors *= predecessor* *not said here* |  |  | the foods of the wilderness |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on food=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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