---
title: The _Kaumatua_ spoke of the hilltop homes of the _Patu-paiarehe_, th… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The _Kaumatua_ spoke of the hilltop homes of the _Patu-paiarehe_, the fairies, whose craggy castles defended by the thick dark woods and the fogs and mists, ringed all this harbour round and made the high places of the Peninsula an uncanny land, given up to all manner of enchantments. Who acts: Kaum
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 8

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The \_Kaumatua\_ spoke of the hilltop homes of the \_Patu-paiarehe\_, the fairies, whose craggy castles defended by the thick dark woods and the fogs and mists, ringed all this harbour round and made the high places of the Peninsula an uncanny land, given up to all manner of enchantments.

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**Who acts:** Kaumatua, fairies · **What happens:** speak, defend, ring, make, give up · **To what, where:** fairies, craggy castles, harbour, high places, uncanny land, manner · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaumatua, fairies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:14:8
# text = The _Kaumatua_ spoke of the hilltop homes of the _Patu-paiarehe_, the fairies, whose craggy castles defended by the thick dark woods and the fogs and mists, ringed all this harbour round and made the high places of the Peninsula an uncanny land, given up to all manner of enchantments.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Kaumatua	Kaumatua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	5	punct	_	_
5	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Patu	Patu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	paiarehe	paiarehe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	fairies	fairy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	craggy	craggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
24	defended	defend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
28	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	fogs	fog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	mists	mist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	ringed	ring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
37	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	39	det:predet	_	_
38	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	39	det	_	_
39	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
40	round	round	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obj	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	Peninsula	Peninsula	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	_
49	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
50	uncanny	uncanny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
53	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	51	acl	_	_
54	up	up	ADP	RP	_	53	compound:prt	_	_
55	to	to	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	57	det	_	_
57	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
59	enchantments	enchantment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the Kaumatua | the fairies and the fairies and the fairies's craggy castles's craggy castles |  |  |  | of the hilltop homes of the Patu paiarehe | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **defend** | participle |  | the fairies and the fairies and craggy castles's craggy castles's craggy castles *not said here* |  |  |  | by the thick dark woods and the fogs and mists | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **ring** | participle | the fairies and the fairies and the fairies's craggy castles's craggy castles *not said here* | all harbour |  |  |  | round *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location harbour=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | past | the Kaumatua *not said here* | the high places of the Peninsula |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset place=Product |
| 5 | **give up** | participle |  | a uncanny land *not said here* | all manner of enchantments |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to manner=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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