---
title: Maoris who have camped on the side of the track which goes over the… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Maoris who have camped on the side of the track which goes over the hills there have spent a night of inexplicable discomfort, inexplicable, that is, but for the presence of the _tapu_ and the unseen spirits of Maoridom. Who acts: Maoris, track, that. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hill
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Mount Pleasant and Its “tapu.”, sentence 17

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Maoris who have camped on the side of the track which goes over the hills there have spent a night of inexplicable discomfort, inexplicable, that is, but for the presence of the \_tapu\_ and the unseen spirits of Maoridom.

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**Who acts:** Maoris, track, that · **What happens:** camp, go, spend, be · **To what, where:** side, hills

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Mount Pleasant and Its “tapu.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maoris, track, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:15:17
# text = Maoris who have camped on the side of the track which goes over the hills there have spent a night of inexplicable discomfort, inexplicable, that is, but for the presence of the _tapu_ and the unseen spirits of Maoridom.
1	Maoris	maori	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	camped	camp	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	inexplicable	inexplicable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	discomfort	discomfort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	inexplicable	inexplicable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	tapu	tapu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	18	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	unseen	unseen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	Maoridom	Maoridom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **camp** | present · perfect | Maoris |  |  | the side of the track |  |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | present | the track |  |  | the hills; there |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over hill=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **spend** | present · perfect | Maoris |  |  |  | night | for the presence of the tapu; the unseen spirits of Maoridom *conj* | vn pay-68 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for presence=Theme |
| 4 | **be** | present | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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