---
title: Geologists from the days of von Haast have written much of the Lytte… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Geologists from the days of von Haast have written much of the Lyttelton and Akaroa volcanic systems, and in truth it is an ever-new and ever-fascinating subject. Who acts: story. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks., wit
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 10

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Geologists from the days of von Haast have written much of the Lyttelton and Akaroa volcanic systems, and in truth it is an ever-new and ever-fascinating subject.

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**Who acts:** story · **What happens:** write, be · **To what, where:** Geologists, new subject, truth

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (story), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:9:10
# text = Geologists from the days of von Haast have written much of the Lyttelton and Akaroa volcanic systems, and in truth it is an ever-new and ever-fascinating subject.
1	Geologists	geologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	von	von	PROPN	NNP	_	7	compound	_	_
7	Haast	Haast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
13	Lyttelton	Lyttelton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Akaroa	Akaroa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	systems	system	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
25	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	31	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	fascinating	fascinating	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	_
32	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · perfect · passive |  | Geologists from the days of von Haast |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | story | a new subject |  | truth | ever; ever |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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