---
title: Along the craggy hill faces again, and particularly well in such pla… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Along the craggy hill faces again, and particularly well in such places as Redcliffs and the Sumner end of the range, it is easy to read the history of the rocks in the alternate strata of solid volcanic rock and the soft rubble that seems almost to glow again with the olden fires. Who acts: soft ru
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 12

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Along the craggy hill faces again, and particularly well in such places as Redcliffs and the Sumner end of the range, it is easy to read the history of the rocks in the alternate strata of solid volcanic rock and the soft rubble that seems almost to glow again with the olden fires.

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**Who acts:** soft rubble · **What happens:** be, read, seem, glow · **To what, where:** history, alternate strata

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soft rubble), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:9:12
# text = Along the craggy hill faces again, and particularly well in such places as Redcliffs and the Sumner end of the range, it is easy to read the history of the rocks in the alternate strata of solid volcanic rock and the soft rubble that seems almost to glow again with the olden fires.
1	Along	along	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	craggy	craggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	particularly	particularly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	fixed	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Redcliffs	Redcliff	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Sumner	Sumner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	expl	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	alternate	alternate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	strata	strata	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
40	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	rubble	rubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	conj	_	_
46	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	47	nsubj	_	_
47	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	acl:relcl	_	_
48	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
49	to	to	PART	TO	_	50	mark	_	_
50	glow	glow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	xcomp	_	_
51	again	again	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
52	with	with	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
54	olden	olden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | along the craggy hill faces and such places as Redcliffs and the Sumner end of the range; easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive |  | the history of the rocks |  | the alternate strata of solid volcanic rock and the soft rubble |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent history=Topic |
| 3 | **seem** | present | the soft rubble |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **glow** | to-infinitive | the soft rubble *not said here* |  |  |  | again | with the olden fires; almost *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fire=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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