---
title: It does not require a great effort of imagination to reconstruct tha… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: It does not require a great effort of imagination to reconstruct that fire-cup as it must have appeared in the era when the fantastic hills were still in the making and shaping. Who acts: group, fantastic hills. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cow
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 17

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It does not require a great effort of imagination to reconstruct that fire-cup as it must have appeared in the era when the fantastic hills were still in the making and shaping.

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**Who acts:** group, fantastic hills · **What happens:** not require, reconstruct, appear, be · **To what, where:** great effort, fire cup, it, era, making

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (group, fantastic hills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:9:17
# text = It does not require a great effort of imagination to reconstruct that fire-cup as it must have appeared in the era when the fantastic hills were still in the making and shaping.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	require	require	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	imagination	imagination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	reconstruct	reconstruct	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
12	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
13	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
20	appeared	appear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	era	era	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	32	advmod	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	fantastic	fantastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
28	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
29	still	still	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	making	making	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	shaping	shaping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **require** | present · do-support | group | a great effort of imagination |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme effort=Precondition |
| 2 | **reconstruct** | to-infinitive | group *not said here* | that fire cup |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **appear** | must · perfect · passive |  | it |  | the era |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | the fantastic hills |  |  | the making and shaping | still | shaping *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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