---
title: All along the fire-fused line of these Summit Peaks from the Lightho… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: All along the fire-fused line of these Summit Peaks from the Lighthouse to the Seven Sleepers and beyond there are amazingly bold bits of rock and cliff scenery--abrupt escarpments like huge redoubt walls, bearded with mountain flax, and flakey from the attack of ages of winter frosts; straight smoo
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 22

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All along the fire-fused line of these Summit Peaks from the Lighthouse to the Seven Sleepers and beyond there are amazingly bold bits of rock and cliff scenery--abrupt escarpments like huge redoubt walls, bearded with mountain flax, and flakey from the attack of ages of winter frosts; straight smooth cleavages that seem almost artificial, so sharply and finely are they worked by Nature, the great sculptor; rounded buttresses like enormous pillars shoring up the mountain side; caves here and there, old bubbles in the molten lava, caves that might have sheltered some cannibal highwayman in the days of stone club and face-tattoo; strangely shapen projections of the cliff-edge, some remindful of animal forms; tomahawk faces of grey storm-beaten rhyolite dipping down into the green arms of the little woods where the \_tui’s\_ rich echoing “bing-bong” and gurgling chuckle are still heard in the shady depths when the bush fruits are ripe.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** straight smooth cleavages, ages, enormous pillars, grey beaten rhyolite, bush fruits · **What happens:** fuse, be, beard, seem, round, shore up · **To what, where:** bold bits, huge redoubt walls, mountain side, molten lava, green arms, bing bong

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (straight smooth cleavages, ages, enormous pillars, grey beaten rhyolite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:9:22
# text = All along the fire-fused line of these Summit Peaks from the Lighthouse to the Seven Sleepers and beyond there are amazingly bold bits of rock and cliff scenery--abrupt escarpments like huge redoubt walls, bearded with mountain flax, and flakey from the attack of ages of winter frosts; straight smooth cleavages that seem almost artificial, so sharply and finely are they worked by Nature, the great sculptor; rounded buttresses like enormous pillars shoring up the mountain side; caves here and there, old bubbles in the molten lava, caves that might have sheltered some cannibal highwayman in the days of stone club and face-tattoo; strangely shapen projections of the cliff-edge, some remindful of animal forms; tomahawk faces of grey storm-beaten rhyolite dipping down into the green arms of the little woods where the _tui’s_ rich echoing “bing-bong” and gurgling chuckle are still heard in the shady depths when the bush fruits are ripe.
1	All	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	fused	fuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
10	Summit	Summit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Peaks	Peak	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Lighthouse	lighthouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	Sleepers	Sleeper	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
20	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	22	expl	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	amazingly	amazingly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	scenery	scenery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	abrupt	abrupt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	escarpments	escarpment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
34	like	like	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
36	redoubt	redoubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	bearded	beard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	acl	_	_
40	with	with	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
42	flax	flax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	flakey	flakey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
46	from	from	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	compound	_	_
53	frosts	frost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	57	punct	_	_
55	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
56	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	cleavages	cleavage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
58	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	59	nsubj	_	_
59	seem	seem	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	57	acl:relcl	_	_
60	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	61	advmod	_	_
61	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	64	punct	_	_
63	so	so	ADV	RB	_	64	advmod	_	_
64	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	57	advmod	_	_
65	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
66	finely	finely	ADV	RB	_	64	conj	_	_
67	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	69	cop	_	_
68	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	69	nsubj	_	_
69	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	57	advcl:relcl	_	_
70	by	by	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
71	Nature	Nature	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	69	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	75	punct	_	_
73	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	75	det	_	_
74	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	75	amod	_	_
75	sculptor	sculptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	78	punct	_	_
77	rounded	round	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	78	amod	_	_
78	buttresses	buttress	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	75	conj	_	_
79	like	like	ADP	IN	_	81	case	_	_
80	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	81	amod	_	_
81	pillars	pillar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	78	nmod	_	_
82	shoring	shore	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	81	acl	_	_
83	up	up	ADP	RP	_	82	compound:prt	_	_
84	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	86	det	_	_
85	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	86	compound	_	_
86	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	82	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	88	punct	_	_
88	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	75	appos	_	_
89	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	88	advmod	_	_
90	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	91	cc	_	_
91	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	89	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
92	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	94	punct	_	_
93	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	94	amod	_	_
94	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	88	conj	_	_
95	in	in	ADP	IN	_	98	case	_	_
96	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	98	det	_	_
97	molten	molten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	98	amod	_	_
98	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	94	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
99	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	100	punct	_	_
100	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	98	conj	_	_
101	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	104	nsubj:pass	_	_
102	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	104	aux	_	_
103	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	104	aux	_	_
104	sheltered	shelter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	98	acl:relcl	_	_
105	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	107	det	_	_
106	cannibal	cannibal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	107	amod	_	_
107	highwayman	highwayman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	104	obj	_	_
108	in	in	ADP	IN	_	110	case	_	_
109	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	110	det	_	_
110	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	107	nmod	_	_
111	of	of	ADP	IN	_	113	case	_	_
112	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	113	compound	_	_
113	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	110	nmod	_	_
114	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	117	cc	_	_
115	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	117	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
116	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	115	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
117	tattoo	tattoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	113	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
118	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	121	punct	_	_
119	strangely	strangely	ADV	RB	_	120	advmod	_	_
120	shapen	shapen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	121	amod	_	_
121	projections	projection	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
122	of	of	ADP	IN	_	126	case	_	_
123	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	126	det	_	_
124	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	126	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
125	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	124	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
126	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	121	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
127	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	129	punct	_	_
128	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	129	det	_	_
129	remindful	remindful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	121	conj	_	_
130	of	of	ADP	IN	_	132	case	_	_
131	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	132	compound	_	_
132	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	129	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
133	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	135	punct	_	_
134	tomahawk	tomahawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	135	compound	_	_
135	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
136	of	of	ADP	IN	_	141	case	_	_
137	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	141	amod	_	_
138	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	140	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
139	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	138	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
140	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	141	amod	_	_
141	rhyolite	rhyolite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	135	nmod	_	_
142	dipping	dip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	141	acl	_	_
143	down	down	ADV	RB	_	142	advmod	_	_
144	into	into	ADP	IN	_	147	case	_	_
145	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	147	det	_	_
146	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	147	amod	_	_
147	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	142	obl	_	_
148	of	of	ADP	IN	_	151	case	_	_
149	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	151	det	_	_
150	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	151	amod	_	_
151	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	147	nmod	_	_
152	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	170	advmod	_	_
153	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	155	det	_	_
154	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	155	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
155	tui	tui	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	170	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
156	’s	's	PART	POS	_	155	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
157	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	158	punct	_	_
158	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	170	parataxis	_	_
159	echoing	echo	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	158	advcl	_	_
160	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	163	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
161	bing	bing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	163	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
162	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	163	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
163	bong	bong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	159	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
164	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	163	punct	_	_
165	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	166	cc	_	_
166	gurgling	gurgle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	159	conj	_	_
167	chuckle	chuckle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	166	obj	_	_
168	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	170	aux:pass	_	_
169	still	still	ADV	RB	_	170	advmod	_	_
170	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	151	acl:relcl	_	_
171	in	in	ADP	IN	_	174	case	_	_
172	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	174	det	_	_
173	shady	shady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	174	amod	_	_
174	depths	depth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	170	obl	_	_
175	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	180	advmod	_	_
176	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	178	det	_	_
177	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	178	compound	_	_
178	fruits	fruit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	180	nsubj	_	_
179	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	180	cop	_	_
180	ripe	ripe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	170	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
181	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fuse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | fire *compound* | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | bold bits |  |  |  | of rock and cliff scenery | tree rules |
| 3 | **beard** | participle |  | huge redoubt walls *not said here* |  |  |  | with mountain flax | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **seem** | present | straight smooth cleavages |  |  |  |  | artificial *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | present | ages *= age* |  |  |  |  | by Nature; work *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **round** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **shore up** | gerund | enormous pillars *not said here* | the mountain side |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **shelter** | might · perfect · passive |  | the molten lava and caves |  |  |  | some cannibal highwayman *obj* | tree rules |
| 9 | **beat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | storm *compound* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **dip down** | gerund | grey beaten rhyolite *not said here* |  |  | the green arms of the little woods |  | down *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into arm=Location |
| 11 | **echo** | gerund |  | bing bong |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bong=Theme |
| 12 | **gurgle** | gerund |  | chuckle |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location chuckle=Theme |
| 13 | **hear** | present · passive |  |  |  | the shady depths | still | the tui *nmod:poss* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus» |
| 14 | **is** | present | the bush fruits |  |  |  |  | ripe *property* | tree rules |
| 16 | **attack** |  |  | ages of winter frosts |  |  |  |  | nom attack «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 17 | **project** |  |  | the cliff edge |  |  |  |  | nom projection «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

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