---
title: pictures about them; dry in summer, they come down in tumultuous lit… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: pictures about them; dry in summer, they come down in tumultuous little cataracts in time of heavy rain, plunging over the piled fragments of lava rocks, and filling for a day or two the age-worn pockets and pools and “pot-holes” in the winding valleys all arched over with the close-growing light ti
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 26

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pictures about them; dry in summer, they come down in tumultuous little cataracts in time of heavy rain, plunging over the piled fragments of lava rocks, and filling for a day or two the age-worn pockets and pools and “pot-holes” in the winding valleys all arched over with the close-growing light timber.

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**Who acts:** pictures · **What happens:** come down, plunge, pile, fill, wear, arch over · **To what, where:** tumultuous little cataracts, piled fragments, worn pockets, winding valleys

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pictures), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:9:26
# text = pictures about them; dry in summer, they come down in tumultuous little cataracts in time of heavy rain, plunging over the piled fragments of lava rocks, and filling for a day or two the age-worn pockets and pools and “pot-holes” in the winding valleys all arched over with the close-growing light timber.
1	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	about	about	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	tumultuous	tumultuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cataracts	cataract	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	plunging	plunge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
23	over	over	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	piled	pile	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	amod	_	_
26	fragments	fragment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	filling	fill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
33	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	conj	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
39	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	amod	_	_
42	pockets	pocket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	pools	pool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	conj	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
46	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	49	punct	_	_
51	in	in	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
53	winding	winding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	compound	_	_
54	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
55	all	all	ADV	RB	_	56	advmod	_	_
56	arched	arch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	54	acl	_	_
57	over	over	ADV	RB	_	56	advmod	_	_
58	with	with	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
60	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	60	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	64	amod	_	_
63	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	compound	_	_
64	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come down** | present | pictures *= picture* |  |  | tumultuous little cataracts in time of heavy rain |  | down *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cataract=Location |
| 2 | **plunge** | gerund | pictures *= picture* *not said here* |  |  | the piled fragments of lava rocks |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over fragment=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **pile** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **fill** | gerund | pictures *= picture* *not said here* | the worn pockets and pools and pot holes |  | the winding valleys | day |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pocket=Patient |
| 5 | **wear** | participle |  |  |  |  | age |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **arch over** | participle |  | the winding valleys *not said here* |  |  |  | with the growing light timber; all, over *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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