---
title: Volcanic energy gave us Lyttelton and Akaroa harbours, and shaped fo… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Volcanic energy gave us Lyttelton and Akaroa harbours, and shaped for us also the ever-marvellous hills that are at once a grateful relief to the eye from the eternal evenness of the plains and a healthful place of pleasure for our city dwellers. Who acts: Volcanic energy, that. A sentence of «Maori
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 8

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Volcanic energy gave us Lyttelton and Akaroa harbours, and shaped for us also the ever-marvellous hills that are at once a grateful relief to the eye from the eternal evenness of the plains and a healthful place of pleasure for our city dwellers.

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**Who acts:** Volcanic energy, that · **What happens:** give, shape, be · **To what, where:** Lyttelton, marvellous hills, grateful relief

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Volcanic energy, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:9:8
# text = Volcanic energy gave us Lyttelton and Akaroa harbours, and shaped for us also the ever-marvellous hills that are at once a grateful relief to the eye from the eternal evenness of the plains and a healthful place of pleasure for our city dwellers.
1	Volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	Lyttelton	Lyttelton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	Akaroa	Akaroa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	harbours	harbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	also	also	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	26	advmod	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	grateful	grateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	relief	relief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	parataxis	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	evenness	evenness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	healthful	healthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	pleasure	pleasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	for	for	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
45	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	dwellers	dweller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Volcanic energy |  | Lyttelton and Akaroa harbours |  |  | us *iobj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient lyttelton=Theme |
| 2 | **shape** | participle | Volcanic energy *not said here* | the marvellous hills |  |  |  | for us | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for we=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **is** | present | that |  |  | a grateful relief |  | to the eye from the eternal evenness of the plains and a healthful place of pleasure for our city dwellers; once *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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