---
title: The passage of untold ages has so little altered these fire-made ran… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The passage of untold ages has so little altered these fire-made ranges that build a picture-like ring about Lyttelton Harbour that their origin and history are plainly revealed to the climber and the Summit Road stroller; the story of the rocks can scarcely be mistaken. Who acts: passage, little al
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 9

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The passage of untold ages has so little altered these fire-made ranges that build a picture-like ring about Lyttelton Harbour that their origin and history are plainly revealed to the climber and the Summit Road stroller; the story of the rocks can scarcely be mistaken.

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**Who acts:** passage, little altered made ranges, untold ages · **What happens:** have, alter, make, build, reveal, mistake · **To what, where:** little altered made ranges, like ring, origin, climber, story

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (passage, little altered made ranges, untold ages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:9:9
# text = The passage of untold ages has so little altered these fire-made ranges that build a picture-like ring about Lyttelton Harbour that their origin and history are plainly revealed to the climber and the Summit Road stroller; the story of the rocks can scarcely be mistaken.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	untold	untold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
9	altered	alter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
10	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
11	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	ranges	range	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	build	build	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
22	about	about	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	Lyttelton	Lyttelton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
31	plainly	plainly	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	revealed	reveal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	advcl	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	climber	climber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
38	Summit	Summit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	Road	Road	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	stroller	stroller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	_
47	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	50	aux	_	_
48	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
49	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	50	aux:pass	_	_
50	mistaken	mistake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the passage of untold ages | this little altered made ranges |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent range=Patient |
| 2 | **alter** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | fire *compound* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **build** | present | this little altered made ranges | a like ring |  |  |  | about Lyttelton Harbour | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ring=Product |
| 5 | **reveal** | present · passive |  | ages's origin and history | the climber and the Road stroller |  |  | plainly *property* | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to climber=Recipient |
| 6 | **mistake** | can · passive |  | the story of the rocks |  |  |  | scarcely *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **pass** |  | untold ages |  |  |  |  |  | nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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