---
title: These stories are said to have been related by Gotama Buddha for the… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: These stories are said to have been related by Gotama Buddha for the purpose of conveying to his hearers moral and religious lessons and the lessons of common sense. Who acts: Gotama Buddha, purpose. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1, with its depende
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 177

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These stories are said to have been related by Gotama Buddha for the purpose of conveying to his hearers moral and religious lessons and the lessons of common sense.

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**Who acts:** Gotama Buddha, purpose · **What happens:** say, relate, convey · **To what, where:** stories, hearers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gotama Buddha, purpose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:1:191
# text = These stories are said to have been related by Gotama Buddha for the purpose of conveying to his hearers moral and religious lessons and the lessons of common sense.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	related	relate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Gotama	Gotama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	conveying	convey	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	hearers	hearer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	moral	moral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	lessons	lesson	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	lessons	lesson	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | this stories |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **relate** | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | Gotama Buddha |  |  |  |  | for the purpose | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **convey** | gerund | the purpose *not said here* |  | Buddha's hearers and moral lessons and the lessons of common sense |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to hearer=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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