---
title: He taught men to love all living creatures without respect of kind o… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: He taught men to love all living creatures without respect of kind or person. Who acts: Buddha. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 235

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He taught men to love all living creatures without respect of kind or person.

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**Who acts:** Buddha · **What happens:** teach, love, live, respect · **To what, where:** men, living creatures, kind

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:1:252
# text = He taught men to love all living creatures without respect of kind or person.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	love	love	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
7	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | Buddha |  | men |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent man=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **love** | to-infinitive | Buddha *not said here* | all living creatures |  |  |  | without respect of kind or person | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer creature=Stimulus |
| 3 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **respect** |  |  | kind or person |  |  |  |  | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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