---
title: In the course of time it came to be believed that Gotama had become… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: In the course of time it came to be believed that Gotama had become Buddha as the fruit of good deeds performed in countless previous states of existence, especially deeds of generosity. Who acts: course, Gotama. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1, wit
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 238

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In the course of time it came to be believed that Gotama had become Buddha as the fruit of good deeds performed in countless previous states of existence, especially deeds of generosity.

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**Who acts:** course, Gotama · **What happens:** come, believe, become, perform · **To what, where:** course, good deeds, countless previous states

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (course, Gotama), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:1:255
# text = In the course of time it came to be believed that Gotama had become Buddha as the fruit of good deeds performed in countless previous states of existence, especially deeds of generosity.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	Gotama	Gotama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	xcomp	_	_
15	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	xcomp	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	deeds	deed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	countless	countless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	previous	previous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	deeds	deed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	generosity	generosity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | course |  |  | the course | time |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in course=Location |
| 2 | **believe** | to-infinitive · passive | course *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **become** | past · perfect | Gotama |  |  |  |  | as the fruit of good deeds; Buddha *xcomp* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **perform** | participle |  | good deeds *not said here* |  | countless previous states of existence and deeds of generosity |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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