--- title: Out of pity and compassion and friendliness for living creatures, he… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics description: Out of pity and compassion and friendliness for living creatures, he preferred to be reborn again and again, to suffer and to die again and again, in order that, by the accumulated merit of good works, he might himself become enlightened and thus be able to enlighten others. Who acts: friendliness, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/241/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The grateful elephant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/) / [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/) / 241 # The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 241 Out of pity and compassion and friendliness for living creatures, he preferred to be reborn again and again, to suffer and to die again and again, in order that, by the accumulated merit of good works, he might himself become enlightened and thus be able to enlighten others. **Who acts:** friendliness, Gotama · **What happens:** live, prefer, be, suffer, die, accumulate · **To what, where:** creatures, pity, others This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendliness, Gotama), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74064:1:258 # text = Out of pity and compassion and friendliness for living creatures, he preferred to be reborn again and again, to suffer and to die again and again, in order that, by the accumulated merit of good works, he might himself become enlightened and thus be able to enlighten others. 1 Out out ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 pity pity NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 compassion compassion NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 friendliness friendliness NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 8 for for SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 9 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 acl _ _ 10 creatures creature NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 preferred prefer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 15 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 16 cop _ _ 16 reborn reborn ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 xcomp _ _ 17 again again ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 again again ADV RB _ 17 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 suffer suffer VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 die die VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 26 again again ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 again again ADV RB _ 26 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 order order NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 32 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 31 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 34 by by ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 accumulated accumulate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 amod _ _ 37 merit merit NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 works work NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 42 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 43 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 44 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 45 nsubj _ _ 45 become become VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 46 enlightened enlighten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 45 xcomp _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 48 thus thus ADV RB _ 50 advmod _ _ 49 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 50 cop _ _ 50 able able ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 conj _ _ 51 to to PART TO _ 52 mark _ _ 52 enlighten enlighten VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 xcomp _ _ 53 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 52 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 54 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | gerund | friendliness *not said here* | creatures | | | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme creature=Location | | 2 | **prefer** | past | Gotama | | | pity and compassion and friendliness | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Pivot | | 3 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Gotama *not said here* | | | | again; again | reborn *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **suffer** | to-infinitive | Gotama *not said here* | | | | | by the accumulated merit of good works | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **die** | to-infinitive | Gotama *not said here* | | | | again; again | in order that | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in order=Attribute | | 6 | **accumulate** | participle | | | | | | | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **become** | might | Gotama | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **enlighten** | participle | Gotama *not said here* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 9 | **is** | infinitive | Gotama *not said here* | | | | | able, thus *property* | tree rules | | 10 | **enlighten** | to-infinitive | Gotama *not said here* | others | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus other=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 240](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/240/) - next →: [sentence 242](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/242/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/)