---
title: Of these eleven stories, the first nine are said to have been relate… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Of these eleven stories, the first nine are said to have been related by Gotama himself, the last two being attributed to the Buddhist sage Kumāra Kassapa. Who acts: Gotama. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 252

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Of these eleven stories, the first nine are said to have been related by Gotama himself, the last two being attributed to the Buddhist sage Kumāra Kassapa.

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**Who acts:** Gotama · **What happens:** say, relate, attribute · **To what, where:** first nine, Gotama, two · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gotama), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:1:270
# text = Of these eleven stories, the first nine are said to have been related by Gotama himself, the last two being attributed to the Buddhist sage Kumāra Kassapa.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	eleven	eleven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	related	relate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	ccomp	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Gotama	Gotama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
21	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	attributed	attribute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	Buddhist	Buddhist	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	sage	sage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	Kumāra	Kumāra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	_
29	Kassapa	Kassapa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | the first nine |  |  |  | of this eleven stories | tree rules |
| 2 | **relate** | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | Gotama | Gotama |  |  |  |  | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **attribute** | gerund · passive |  | two |  |  |  | to the Buddhist sage | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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