--- title: Short _a_ is pronounced like _u_ in _but_, long _ā_ like _a_ in _fat… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics description: Short _a_ is pronounced like _u_ in _but_, long _ā_ like _a_ in _father_, long _ī_ like _ee_ in _see_, long _ū_ like _oo_ in _too_, short _i_ and short _u_ differing from the corresponding long vowels not in sound but in length. Who acts: u. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Bur --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/36/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The grateful elephant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/) / [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/) / 36 # The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 36 Short \_a\_ is pronounced like \_u\_ in \_but\_, long \_ā\_ like \_a\_ in \_father\_, long \_ī\_ like \_ee\_ in \_see\_, long \_ū\_ like \_oo\_ in \_too\_, short \_i\_ and short \_u\_ differing from the corresponding long vowels not in sound but in length. **Who acts:** u · **What happens:** pronounce, see, differ, correspond · **To what, where:** \_, long vowels This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (u), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74064:1:41 # text = Short _a_ is pronounced like _u_ in _but_, long _ā_ like _a_ in _father_, long _ī_ like _ee_ in _see_, long _ū_ like _oo_ in _too_, short _i_ and short _u_ differing from the corresponding long vowels not in sound but in length. 1 Short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 parataxis _ _ 2 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 1 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ SpaceAfter=No 4 _ _ NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 pronounced pronounce VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 like like ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 9 u u X GW _ 6 obl:agent _ SpaceAfter=No 10 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 _ _ PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 14 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 17 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 ā ā NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 19 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ _ 20 like like ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ SpaceAfter=No 23 _ _ NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 26 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 27 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 30 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 ī ī NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 32 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ _ 33 like like ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 35 ee ee NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 36 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 9 goeswith _ _ 38 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 39 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 39 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 goeswith _ SpaceAfter=No 40 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 39 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 42 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 43 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 44 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 44 ū ū NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 45 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ _ 46 like like ADP IN _ 9 goeswith _ _ 47 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 48 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 48 oo oo NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 49 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ _ 50 in in ADP IN _ 9 goeswith _ _ 51 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 52 too too ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 53 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 54 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 55 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 parataxis _ _ 56 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 55 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 57 i I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 goeswith _ SpaceAfter=No 58 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 60 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 conj _ _ 61 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 62 u u X GW _ 9 goeswith _ SpaceAfter=No 63 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 64 punct _ _ 64 differing differ VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 acl _ _ 65 from from ADP IN _ 72 case _ _ 66 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 72 det _ _ 67 corresponding correspond VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 72 csubj _ _ 68 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 69 amod _ _ 69 vowels vowel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 67 obj _ _ 70 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 72 advmod _ _ 71 in in ADP IN _ 72 case _ _ 72 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 obl _ _ 73 but but CCONJ CC _ 75 cc _ _ 74 in in ADP IN _ 75 case _ _ 75 length length NOUN NN Number=Sing 72 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 76 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pronounce** | present · passive | u in \_ like a \_ in father like ee i | a \_ | | | | | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 2 | **see** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **differ** | gerund | | | | | | from the sound but length | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from sound=Co-Theme | | 4 | **correspond** | gerund | | long vowels | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/35/) - next →: [sentence 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/37/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/)