---
title: Having given him the little hatchet, Sakka went to the second asceti… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Having given him the little hatchet, Sakka went to the second ascetic and asked: “Reverend Sir, what do you need?” Who acts: Sakka, you. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 10, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 10, sentence 1

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Having given him the little hatchet, Sakka went to the second ascetic and asked: “Reverend Sir, what do you need?”

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**Who acts:** Sakka, you · **What happens:** have, give, go, ask, need · **To what, where:** little hatchet, second ascetic, Reverend Sir · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sakka, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:10:1
# text = Having given him the little hatchet, Sakka went to the second ascetic and asked: “Reverend Sir, what do you need?”
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
2	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	case	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hatchet	hatchet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	Sakka	Sakka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
13	ascetic	ascetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Reverend	Reverend	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	24	obj	_	_
22	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | Sakka *not said here* | the little hatchet |  |  |  | give him *= he* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hatchet=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **go** | past | Sakka |  |  | the second ascetic |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to ascetic=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Sakka *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **need** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you | Reverend Sir |  |  |  | what *obj* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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