--- title: Sakka presented a drum to him, saying, “Reverend Sir, if you beat th… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics description: Sakka presented a drum to him, saying, “Reverend Sir, if you beat this side, your enemies will flee; if you beat that, they will become kindly disposed and will surround you with a fourfold army.” Who acts: Sakka, you, enemies. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Openi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/10/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The grateful elephant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/) / [Opening, part 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/10/) / 4 # The grateful elephant, Opening, part 10, sentence 4 Sakka presented a drum to him, saying, “Reverend Sir, if you beat this side, your enemies will flee; if you beat that, they will become kindly disposed and will surround you with a fourfold army.” **Who acts:** Sakka, you, enemies · **What happens:** present, say, beat, flee, become, dispose · **To what, where:** drum, Sir, Reverend, side, that, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sakka, you, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74064:10:4 # text = Sakka presented a drum to him, saying, “Reverend Sir, if you beat this side, your enemies will flee; if you beat that, they will become kindly disposed and will surround you with a fourfold army.” 1 Sakka Sakka PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 presented present VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 drum drum NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 “ " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 Reverend Reverend PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 12 Sir Sir PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 if if SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 15 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 beat beat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 17 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 det _ _ 18 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 enemies enemy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 22 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 flee flee VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 25 if if SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 26 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 beat beat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 28 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 27 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 30 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 31 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 32 become become VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 33 kindly kindly ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 disposed dispose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 xcomp _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 surround surround VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 conj _ _ 38 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ _ 39 with with ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 41 fourfold fourfold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 army army NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 37 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 44 ” " PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **present** | past | Sakka | a drum | Sir | | | | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent drum=Theme to he=Recipient | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Sakka *not said here* | Reverend | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **beat** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | you | this side | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location side=Theme | | 4 | **flee** *in a quote* | future | your enemies | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **beat** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | you | that | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location that=Theme | | 6 | **become** *in a quote* | future | enemies *= enemy* | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **dispose** *in a quote* | participle | enemies *= enemy* *not said here* | | | | | kindly *property* | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **surround** *in a quote* | future | enemies *= enemy* *not said here* | | you | | | with a fourfold army | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent you=Destination with army=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/10/3/) - next →: [sentence 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/10/5/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/10/)