---
title: Having eaten it, he caused the stone to be planted in his own garden… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Having eaten it, he caused the stone to be planted in his own garden, and to be sprinkled with milk and water. Who acts: king. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 10, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 10, sentence 59

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Having eaten it, he caused the stone to be planted in his own garden, and to be sprinkled with milk and water.

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**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** have, eat, cause, plant, sprinkle · **To what, where:** tree, stone, own garden

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:10:61
# text = Having eaten it, he caused the stone to be planted in his own garden, and to be sprinkled with milk and water.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
2	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	sprinkled	sprinkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | participle | king *not said here* | tree |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **cause** | past | king | the stone |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition stone=Patient |
| 4 | **plant** | to-infinitive · passive | king *not said here* | the stone *not said here* |  | king's own garden |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: in garden=Destination |
| 5 | **sprinkle** | to-infinitive · passive | king *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with milk and water | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»: with milk=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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