---
title: Having thus addressed him, the older ascetic comforted him, saying:… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Having thus addressed him, the older ascetic comforted him, saying: “Henceforth grieve not;” and went back again to his own hermitage. Who acts: Having, older ascetic. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 11, sentence 141

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Having thus addressed him, the older ascetic comforted him, saying: “Henceforth grieve not;” and went back again to his own hermitage.

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**Who acts:** Having, older ascetic · **What happens:** have, address, comfort, say, not grieve, go back · **To what, where:** Brahman · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Having, older ascetic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:11:149
# text = Having thus addressed him, the older ascetic comforted him, saying: “Henceforth grieve not;” and went back again to his own hermitage.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	addressed	address	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	ascetic	ascetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	comforted	comfort	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Henceforth	henceforth	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	grieve	grieve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	back	back	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	again	again	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	hermitage	hermitage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **address** | past | Having |  | Brahman |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination |
| 3 | **comfort** | past | the older ascetic | Brahman |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the older ascetic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **grieve** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | henceforth *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **go back** | past | Having *not said here* |  |  |  | again | to Brahman's own hermitage *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to hermitage=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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