---
title: Now that monk, driven away by the noise of that flock of birds, appr… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Now that monk, driven away by the noise of that flock of birds, approached me, and having approached, saluted me and sat down on one side. Who acts: monk, flock. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 11, sentence 22

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Now that monk, driven away by the noise of that flock of birds, approached me, and having approached, saluted me and sat down on one side.

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**Who acts:** monk, flock · **What happens:** drive away, approach, salute, sit down, noise · **To what, where:** monk, me, one side

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monk, flock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:11:25
# text = Now that monk, driven away by the noise of that flock of birds, approached me, and having approached, saluted me and sat down on one side.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	approached	approach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	aux	_	_
21	approached	approach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	saluted	salute	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
24	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
27	down	down	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	30	nummod	_	_
30	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive away** | participle |  | that monk *not said here* |  |  |  | by the noise of that flock of birds; away *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **approach** | past | that monk | me |  |  | now |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 3 | **approach** | gerund · perfect | that monk *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **salute** | past | that monk *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Topic |
| 5 | **sit down** | past | that monk *not said here* |  |  | one side |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on side=Location |
| 6 | **noise** |  | that flock of birds |  |  |  |  |  | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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