---
title: “For, monks, to living beings in the form of animals, begging is sai… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: “For, monks, to living beings in the form of animals, begging is said to have been offensive, hinting is said to have been offensive. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 11, sentence 45

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“For, monks, to living beings in the form of animals, begging is said to have been offensive, hinting is said to have been offensive.

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**What happens:** say, be, hint, form · **To what, where:** begging, animals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:11:48
# text = “For, monks, to living beings in the form of animals, begging is said to have been offensive, hinting is said to have been offensive.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	For	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
15	begging	begging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux	_	_
20	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	cop	_	_
21	offensive	offensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	hinting	hint	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
27	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	aux	_	_
28	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	cop	_	_
29	offensive	offensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present · passive |  | begging |  |  |  | for monks and living beings in the form of animals | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | offensive *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **hint** *speech: other* *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | offensive *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **form** *in a quote* |  |  | animals |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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