---
title: Seeing, he said this to the younger ascetic: “Why are you lean, drie… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Seeing, he said this to the younger ascetic: “Why are you lean, dried-up, pale, yellow as ever was yellow, your body strewn with veins?” Who acts: Jewel, you, body. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 11, sentence 59

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Seeing, he said this to the younger ascetic: “Why are you lean, dried-up, pale, yellow as ever was yellow, your body strewn with veins?”

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**Who acts:** Jewel, you, body · **What happens:** see, say, be, dry up · **To what, where:** this · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jewel, you, body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:11:65
# text = Seeing, he said this to the younger ascetic: “Why are you lean, dried-up, pale, yellow as ever was yellow, your body strewn with veins?”
1	Seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	ascetic	ascetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	lean	lean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
24	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	27	advmod	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
31	strewn	strewn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	veins	vein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | gerund | Jewel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Jewel | this |  |  |  | to the younger ascetic | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  | lean *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **dry up** *in a quote* | participle | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **be** *in a quote* |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** *in a quote* |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **is** *in a quote* | past | you *not said here* |  |  |  | ever | yellow *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **be** *in a quote* |  | your body |  |  |  |  | with veins | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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