---
title: In times past, on a slope of Himavat, near a certain huge banyan tre… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: In times past, on a slope of Himavat, near a certain huge banyan tree, lived three friends: a partridge, a monkey, an elephant. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 103

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In times past, on a slope of Himavat, near a certain huge banyan tree, lived three friends: a partridge, a monkey, an elephant.

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**What happens:** live · **To what, where:** three friends, slope

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:12:108
# text = In times past, on a slope of Himavat, near a certain huge banyan tree, lived three friends: a partridge, a monkey, an elephant.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	past	past	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	slope	slope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Himavat	Himavat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	near	near	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	banyan	banyan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
18	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	partridge	partridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | three friends and a partridge and a elephant |  | a slope of Himavat and a certain huge banyan tree |  | past *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on slope=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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