---
title: They were without respect or deference for each other, having no com… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: They were without respect or deference for each other, having no common life. Who acts: Partridge. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 104

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They were without respect or deference for each other, having no common life.

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**Who acts:** Partridge · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** common life

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Partridge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:12:109
# text = They were without respect or deference for each other, having no common life.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nmod	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
13	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Partridge |  |  |  |  | without respect or deference; for each; deference *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | Partridge *not said here* | no common life |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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