---
title: Thereupon the monkey and the elephant said to the wise partridge: “M… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Thereupon the monkey and the elephant said to the wise partridge: “Master, you are older than we. Who acts: monkey, Master. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 123

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Thereupon the monkey and the elephant said to the wise partridge: “Master, you are older than we.

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**Who acts:** monkey, Master · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** wise partridge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monkey, Master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:12:128
# text = Thereupon the monkey and the elephant said to the wise partridge: “Master, you are older than we.
1	Thereupon	thereupon	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	partridge	partridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	nsubj	_	_
19	than	than	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the monkey and the elephant |  | the wise partridge |  |  | thereupon *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to partridge=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Master |  |  |  |  | than we; you *nsubj*; old *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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