---
title: And, monks, the hawk struck his breast against that very clod. — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And, monks, the hawk struck his breast against that very clod. Who acts: monks. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 157

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And, monks, the hawk struck his breast against that very clod.

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**Who acts:** monks · **What happens:** strike · **To what, where:** breast

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:12:165
# text = And, monks, the hawk struck his breast against that very clod.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	clod	clod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past | monks | monk's breast |  |  |  | against that clod; the hawk *nsubj* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent breast=Instrument against clod=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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