---
title: When he reached manhood, he renounced the pleasures of sense, retire… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: When he reached manhood, he renounced the pleasures of sense, retired from the world and adopted the life of an ascetic, and developed the Supernatural Powers and the Attainments. Who acts: Buddha. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12, with its dependen
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 26

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When he reached manhood, he renounced the pleasures of sense, retired from the world and adopted the life of an ascetic, and developed the Supernatural Powers and the Attainments.

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**Who acts:** Buddha · **What happens:** reach, renounce, retire, adopt, develop, please · **To what, where:** manhood, pleasures, world, life, Supernatural Powers, sense

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:12:27
# text = When he reached manhood, he renounced the pleasures of sense, retired from the world and adopted the life of an ascetic, and developed the Supernatural Powers and the Attainments.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	manhood	manhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	renounced	renounce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pleasures	pleasure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	ascetic	ascetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	developed	develop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	Supernatural	Supernatural	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	Powers	Power	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	Attainments	attainment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | Buddha | manhood |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent manhood=Theme |
| 2 | **renounce** | past | Buddha | the pleasures of sense |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pleasure=Source |
| 3 | **retire** | participle |  | the pleasures of sense *not said here* |  | the world |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from world=Source |
| 4 | **adopt** | past |  | the life of a ascetic |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
| 5 | **develop** | past | Buddha *not said here* | the Supernatural Powers and the Attainments |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Product |
| 6 | **please** |  |  | sense |  |  |  |  | nom pleasure «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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