---
title: The Future Buddha caused all of the ascetics to be assembled, and sa… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: The Future Buddha caused all of the ascetics to be assembled, and said to them: “If you would cultivate friendship for the four royal families of snakes, the snakes would not bite you. Who acts: Future Buddha, ascetics, snakes. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Openi
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 30

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The Future Buddha caused all of the ascetics to be assembled, and said to them: “If you would cultivate friendship for the four royal families of snakes, the snakes would not bite you.

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**Who acts:** Future Buddha, ascetics, snakes · **What happens:** cause, assemble, say, cultivate, not bite · **To what, where:** all, ascetics, friendship · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Future Buddha, ascetics, snakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:12:31
# text = The Future Buddha caused all of the ascetics to be assembled, and said to them: “If you would cultivate friendship for the four royal families of snakes, the snakes would not bite you.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Future	Future	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ascetics	ascetic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	assembled	assemble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
23	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
27	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	_
34	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	36	advmod	_	_
36	bite	bite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
37	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the Future Buddha | all of the ascetics |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition all=Patient |
| 2 | **assemble** | to-infinitive · passive | the Future Buddha *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V» |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  | ascetics *= ascetic* |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient |
| 4 | **cultivate** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | would | ascetics *= ascetic* | friendship |  |  |  | for the four royal families of snakes | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent friendship=Product for family=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **not** **bite** *in a quote* | would | the snakes | ascetics *= ascetic* |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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