---
title: Having thus set forth Cultivation of Friendship in the usual form, h… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Having thus set forth Cultivation of Friendship in the usual form, he next set it forth by way of prayer, reciting this stanza: Who acts: friendship. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 37

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Having thus set forth Cultivation of Friendship in the usual form, he next set it forth by way of prayer, reciting this stanza:

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**Who acts:** friendship · **What happens:** have, set, recite · **To what, where:** Cultivation, usual form, form, stanza

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendship), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:12:38
# text = Having thus set forth Cultivation of Friendship in the usual form, he next set it forth by way of prayer, reciting this stanza:
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	Cultivation	Cultivation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Friendship	Friendship	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	next	next	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	reciting	recite	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
24	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	stanza	stanza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | friendship *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **set** | participle | friendship *not said here* | Cultivation of Friendship |  | the usual form |  | thus *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in form=Destination |
| 3 | **set** | past | friendship | form |  |  |  | by way of prayer; forth, next *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme by way=Destination |
| 4 | **recite** | gerund | friendship *not said here* | this stanza |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stanza=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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