---
title: Having so said, he spoke once more, to bid them meditate on the virt… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Having so said, he spoke once more, to bid them meditate on the virtues of the Three Jewels. Who acts: friendship ’. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 46

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Having so said, he spoke once more, to bid them meditate on the virtues of the Three Jewels.

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**Who acts:** friendship ’ · **What happens:** have, say, speak, bid, meditate · **To what, where:** beings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendship ’), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:12:47
# text = Having so said, he spoke once more, to bid them meditate on the virtues of the Three Jewels.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
2	so	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	advmod	_	_
8	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	bid	bid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	meditate	meditate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	virtues	virtue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	Jewels	jewel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | friendship ’ *= '* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | friendship ’ *= '* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **bid** | to-infinitive | friendship ’ *= '* *not said here* | beings *= being* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **meditate** | infinitive | friendship ’ *= '* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on the virtues of the Three Jewels | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on virtue=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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