--- title: Having so said, the Future Buddha declared: “Since lust, ill-will, a… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics description: Having so said, the Future Buddha declared: “Since lust, ill-will, and delusion, which exist in these creatures, are the qualities which make creatures finite, therefore these creeping things are finite.” Who acts: Future Buddha, delusion, qualities, creeping things. A sentence of «The grateful elep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/52/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The grateful elephant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/) / [Opening, part 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/) / 52 # The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 52 Having so said, the Future Buddha declared: “Since lust, ill-will, and delusion, which exist in these creatures, are the qualities which make creatures finite, therefore these creeping things are finite.” **Who acts:** Future Buddha, delusion, qualities, creeping things · **What happens:** have, say, declare, exist, be, make · **To what, where:** creatures, qualities · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Future Buddha, delusion, qualities, creeping things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74064:12:53 # text = Having so said, the Future Buddha declared: “Since lust, ill-will, and delusion, which exist in these creatures, are the qualities which make creatures finite, therefore these creeping things are finite.” 1 Having have VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 advcl _ _ 2 so so ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 Future Future PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 Buddha Buddha PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 declared declare VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 9 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 10 “ " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 Since since ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 lust lust NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 14 ill ill ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 delusion delusion NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 22 exist exist VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 25 det _ _ 25 creatures creature NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 27 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 qualities quality NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 parataxis _ _ 30 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 31 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 acl:relcl _ _ 32 creatures creature NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 33 finite finite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 35 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 36 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 38 det _ _ 37 creeping creep VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 38 amod _ _ 38 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 39 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 40 finite finite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 41 . . PUNCT . _ 29 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ” " PUNCT '' _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | gerund | the Future Buddha *not said here* | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | the Future Buddha | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 4 | **exist** *in a quote* | present | delusion | | | this creatures | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in creature=Location | | 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | delusion | the qualities | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **make** *in a quote* | present | the qualities | creatures | | | | finite *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset creature=Product | | 7 | **creep** *in a quote* | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **is** *in a quote* | present | this creeping things | | | | | finite, therefore *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/51/) - next →: [sentence 53](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/53/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/)