---
title: Thereupon, monks, the monkey and the elephant said this to the partr… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Thereupon, monks, the monkey and the elephant said this to the partridge: “You, sir, are our elder. Who acts: monks, partridge. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 88

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Thereupon, monks, the monkey and the elephant said this to the partridge: “You, sir, are our elder.

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**Who acts:** monks, partridge · **What happens:** say, sir, be · **To what, where:** this, partridge, elder · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monks, partridge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:12:92
# text = Thereupon, monks, the monkey and the elephant said this to the partridge: “You, sir, are our elder.
1	Thereupon	thereupon	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	partridge	partridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	sir	sir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	elder	elder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | monks and the monkey and the elephant | this | the partridge |  |  | thereupon *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Topic to partridge=Recipient |
| 2 | **sir** *in a quote* |  | the partridge *= partridge* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the partridge *= partridge* *not said here* | our elder |  |  |  | our *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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