---
title: _ This parable was related by the Teacher in a certain little villag… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: _ This parable was related by the Teacher in a certain little village in the country of the Kosalas with reference to one who spoiled a garden. Who acts: Teacher. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 113

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\_ This parable was related by the Teacher in a certain little village in the country of the Kosalas with reference to one who spoiled a garden.

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**Who acts:** Teacher · **What happens:** relate, spoil · **To what, where:** parable, certain little village, garden, one

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teacher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:13:121
# text = _ This parable was related by the Teacher in a certain little village in the country of the Kosalas with reference to one who spoiled a garden.
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	5	punct	_	_
2	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	parable	parable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	related	relate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	advcl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Teacher	Teacher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Kosalas	Kosalas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	obl	_	_
24	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	spoiled	spoil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **relate** | past · passive | the Teacher | this parable |  |  |  | in a certain little village in the country of the Kosalas with reference *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in village=Goal |
| 2 | **spoil** | past |  | a garden | one |  |  | who *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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