---
title: Approaching the leader of the monkeys, he said: “Master monkey-leade… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Approaching the leader of the monkeys, he said: “Master monkey-leader, this garden is of great use even to you. Who acts: holiday, Master monkey leader. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 131

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Approaching the leader of the monkeys, he said: “Master monkey-leader, this garden is of great use even to you.

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**Who acts:** holiday, Master monkey leader · **What happens:** approach, say, be · **To what, where:** leader, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (holiday, Master monkey leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:13:139
# text = Approaching the leader of the monkeys, he said: “Master monkey-leader, this garden is of great use even to you.
1	Approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Master	master	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	det	_	_
18	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	_
23	even	even	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **approach** | gerund | holiday *not said here* | the leader of the monkeys |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | holiday |  | you |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to you=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Master monkey leader and this garden |  |  |  |  | of great use | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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